Windows vs Linux free essay sample

This report analyzes the different features of both operating systems in order to arrive at a conclusion on which OS is better for daily use. Both systems are evaluated on a wide range of criteria such as cost, installation process, software applications, hardware, user interface, security/stability, troubleshooting, and the implementation of the OS itself. These will help decide which of the two systems is better to use on a daily basis. Before I begin the comparison the reader needs to know that Windows is created, maintained, and updated by Microsoft. No one from outside can access the underlying code. However, Linux is created and updated by volunteers all over the world, which is why there are so many different variations of Linux like Red Hat, SuSE, Mandrake Soft and a few more. The important features of the operating systems are discussed below. COST:- The Windows operating system is significantly more expensive than the Linux operating system. We will write a custom essay sample on Windows vs Linux or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In fact, the Linux OS can even be obtained for no cost through many websites. Also, only one copy of Windows can be installed once, whereas Linux can be installed as many times as needed. As of January 2005, the price of a Windows-based operating system is $300. 00 at Wal-Mart, while the price of a Linux-based operating system is $200. 00. So, when it comes to cost, Linux is preferable over Windows. The installation of the Windows OS is more straightforward and self-explanatory. Almost anyone can install Windows on a computer. Installation of the Linux OS, on the other hand, is very complicated since the instructions are written in a highly technical language that not many average computer users are familiar with. Most of the time, an expert is required to perform the installation of Linux. This was once sarcastically referred to in a cartoon: to Linux, â€Å"non-technical† people meant those who have never actually created something for Linux and not people who have never used Linux before. The procedure for installing Windows or any other software is always consistent and varies a great deal from the installation of Linux and its software. An average person with a limited knowledge of computers would prefer Windows over Linux for its simple and straightforward installation process. There are more software applications available for the Windows OS than for the Linux. However, the applications for Windows are very expensive, whereas the software for Linux is often available at a much cheaper price. Most software for Linux is included with its installation CD, whereas for Windows, everything must be purchased separately for a high price. Also, in most situations, the software for both operating systems is equivalent, yet there is a significant price difference between them. A person using the computer on a daily basis and who needs various software applications will prefer Linux over Windows. More hardware is available for Windows than for Linux. However, Linux is compatible with most hardware and it runs on almost any platform. It can also run from a CD-ROM whereas Windows has to be installed on the hard drive before it can be used. So, for someone who uses a lot of hardware such as CD/DVD burner or printer, Windows would be more beneficial than Linux. Windows is more user-friendly thank Linux. However, Linux is more customizable than Windows since its code is accessible to anyone. For someone who does not care much about the extra features such as the uniqueness of the desktop, Windows will be better because of its user-friendly interface. As of May 2004, it was calculated that there are about 40000 viruses created for Windows over the past ten years. [1] Furthermore, this count of viruses implies that Windows is being attacked by almost 10 viruses per day. Compared to Windows, Linux is virus-free. Linux strictly asks for the administrative password before downloading or installing any application to ensure safety and security. Once you are into an administrative account in Windows you can access almost every part of the computer with no problems at all. Once a virus enters Windows through an administrative account, it has almost no problem in installing itself and corrupting the system. Also, in Linux you absolutely need to have a user ID and a password to login, whereas in Windows you have an option to turn that feature off. Therefore Linux is definitely more stable than Windows.. There are more technicians and experts for Windows than for Linux. However, that does not pose a problem since Linux is relatively more stable than Windows. There is also a lot of online help available for Linux. So, an average user who does not have much knowledge on how to troubleshoot computers might prefer Windows over Linux. The source code of Windows is known as â€Å"closed-source† in nature: the underlying code cannot be accessed by anyone except for those who actually work for Microsoft. The source-code of Linux is known as â€Å"open-source† in nature, and its code can be accessed and modified by anyone. It is due to this nature of Linux that there are so many variations of Linux on the market today. It also makes it unique and customizable from others. However, an average person might not know how to fix code, and might prefer Windows over Linux. Windows has been around in the market for more than 10 years, and has found its way in to almost every user’s computer. Linux was no competition to Windows until about two years ago. So, some people believe that the longer a product is on the market the better it is, and for those people, Windows ight appeal more than Linux. When it comes down to comparing the two operating systems, the most important criteria will be the cost, software applications, and the security and stability. Linux beats Windows in cost, security and stability, and software applications. In the other criteria, Windows does beat Linux. However, in the long run, the first three criteria are much more significant than the rest. Thus, Linux proves to be a better op erating system than Windows for a daily user. Some detailed knowledge about LINUX and WINDOWS†¦.. Linux has made some serious headway over the past decade, elevating itself from â€Å"that open source operating system† to â€Å"wow, this thing is actually usable! † There’s been a gentle but definite trickle of users away from Windows toward the freer option of Linux and maybe you’re thinking about making that leap. But should you? Here are some fundamental differences between Windows and Linux. Read through them and be absolute certain that you’re willing to put up with the learning curve because there’s nothing worse than jumping headfirst into something unexpected. File Structure:- [pic] The fundamental structure of Linux is completely different from Windows–as it should be, considering that it was developed over a separate codebase with separate developers. You won’t find a  My Documents  on Ubuntu, nor will you find  Program Files  on Fedora. There are no  C:  or  D:  drives. Instead, there is one single file tree and your drives are mounted into that tree. Similarly, your home  directory and your  desktop  directory, they’re both part of that single file tree. Technically, you’ll need to learn a whole new file system and its architecture; practically, it’s not very hard, but the difference is still there. No Registry:- [pic] Have you heard of the  Windows registry? If you haven’t, here’s an extremely fast crash course: it’s a master database of all the settings on your computer. It holds application information, user passwords, device information–pretty much anything you can think of. If it’s not stored as a file, it’s probably stored in the registry. Linux doesn’t have a registry. The applications on a Linux machine store their settings on a program-by-program basis under the hierarchy of users. In this sense, Linux configurations are modular. You won’t find a centralized database that needs periodic cleaning here. Package Manager:- [pic] On Windows, you often need to fiddle with this thing called an  installation package. You visit some website, go to their download section, and click on the link that sends you an . exe file. You run it and the program does its thing and that’s when you consider it to be â€Å"installed. † And when you want to remove programs, you have to mess with the Control Panel. Right? With most Linux systems, you won’t have to deal with that anymore. Instead, you’ll have something called a  package manager, which is essentially a center for browsing, installing, and removing program packages. Instead of visiting the Firefox website, you can just search your package manager’s repositories and download it straight. Personally, this is one of my favorite differences between Linux and Windows. Interchangeable Interfaces:- [pic] The Windows interface hasn’t experienced much innovation in a long, long time. Sure, there’s Aero that came with Windows Vista. Before that, XP made some small improvements over Windows Classic. But the Start Menu, Taskbar, System Tray, Windows Explorer–all of it was fundamentally the same thing. On Linux, the interface is completely severed from the core system. You can switch up your interface environment without mucking about with reinstallations and whatnot. There’s GNOME and KDE and the more recent Unity, as well as a number of lesser-known varieties that all focus on different aspects. Command Terminal:- [pic] Linux has a (fading) reputation for being the operating system for geeks and that reputation mostly comes from the prevalence of the terminal. What’s a terminal, you ask? It’s that black box with traditionally green text that you can use to execute commands. In other words, it’s like Windows Command Prompt on crack. If you’re going to switch to Linux, you must be open to learning about command structures because you will find yourself using it frequently. I’m sure there are graphical workarounds (such as opening config files in a text editor) but it’s hard to beat the power and efficiency of a terminal that does exactly what you tell it to do. Driver Settings Because Windows has such a widespread grasp on the PC market, driver manufacturers tend to focus their efforts on that one operating system. Which means companies like AMD and Nvidia prioritize Windows over Linux. Which means you may end up pulling out tufts of hair in frustration as you try to find the latest compatible drivers for your system. Then again, it depends what you’re going to use while on Linux. If all you need is a word processor, a web browser, some form of instant messaging and email, then it would be passable, if not inconvenient, to have missing drivers. But if you want to play games, you may want to reconsider. (Then again, you’ll have a hard enough time playing mainstream games on Linux to begin with. ) Do-It-Yourself Attitude:- All in all, the Linux environment really calls for a do-it-yourself mindset. The kind of people who would most benefit from the freedom and openness of Linux are the people–men and women alike–who enjoy exploring, learning, and experimenting with what they’re given. Every Linux computer is unique, and that uniqueness comes from having to personalize a bunch of settings to your hardware and setup.

Social and Economic Significance of Tourism Development Essay Example

Social and Economic Significance of Tourism Development Essay Example Social and Economic Significance of Tourism Development Essay Social and Economic Significance of Tourism Development Essay The social and economic significance of tourism development on a global scale After studying and understanding how deeply tourism development has significantly impacted on the world, I have noticed how closely that the social and economic factors are related, and how both of these aspects have direct effect on both tourists, and the people that permanently reside at destinations that have been extremely popular amongst tourists.The understanding of how economic and social factors interrelate is rather simple; the bigger the country’s economy, the more infrastructure and investment that is required for human development, can be produced for both tourists and the permanent residents, therefore if the tourism industry is proven to provide a country’s economy substantially, the government will welcome tourism development with open arms. The real question that remains is whether this is equally beneficial for all people who are affected by tourism development (economic and social) or whether a country is purely ignoring tourism’s effects socially, to thrive economically.This I believe does not leave a country happy with tourism development. I shall now state in my report how prevalent these impacts are, and if they are either having positive or negative impacts on a country which is heavily effected by tourism development. In my report I would also like to thoroughly explain how the changes over time and temporal patterns have a large significance on tourism development, and outline that that due to the changes over time, social and economic impacts is now faced on a day to day basis by countries that are heavily impacted by tourism, via its rapid development.One of the most obvious economic significance is how quickly the tourism sector has grown globally, and the projected figures from UNWTO which sees the w orld’s economy to be more widely affected by tourism development globally. Today, we see 235 million jobs worldwide available in the tourism industry, 5% of direct global GDP was tourism provided. Statistics also shows that international tourist arrivals grew by nearly 4% in 2011 to 983 million, which concluded that international tourism generated (in 2011) US$103 billion dollars from tourists.As huge as these statistics already are, UNWTO forecasts a growth in international tourists arrivals of between 3% 4% in 2012, and there to be 1. 8 billion international tourists by 2030. The economic significance of tourism is massive, and proves only to grow at a rapid pace. One of the biggest reasons why we have seen this huge increase in tourism development, and why we shall continue to see a rapid growth all comes down to the accessibility one has of an area, and the knowledge one has of an area.Both of these factors can be described to be governed by technology, which makes it un derstandable to why we have seen such a huge increase in tourism development in the 21st century in areas all over the globe, in comparison to the development that was present in the 20th century (refer to graph one). Tourism development has globally become both popular and possible in all areas rather than just those that have been branded to be tourist’s destinations (Europe, the Americas). Now, I shall explain how this temporal pattern has been allowed to grow so rapidly.To begin with, I would like to discuss the history of tourism development, and what had begun to stimulate this world-wide phenomenon. Accessibility, I believe, a word all of us geographers are more than familiar with is what I would pinpoint as the main stimulation for tourism in every corner of the globe. Over the past 60 years, the world has seen a vast advancement in technology. The world has seen aircrafts been manufactured to be bigger and quick, thus, the birth of long haul flights around the globe. Post war, (1945 +) we internationally saw the use of aeroplanes become more common opposed to ship voyages.This factor also relied heavily on the fact that the world’s economic trade flourished after the war, seeing people choosing to indulge in holidays for rest and relaxation as money began to become surplus, especially after the baby boom era (1949-1960). The baby boom era could be solely due to the end of the war and the improving economy, which saw European citizens flock to costal Europe, and warm climate areas such as Spain and Portugal. However, after 1970, we are able to see (refer to graph 1) a slower incline in tourism in Europe, and a steady growth in tourism in other continents such as Asia/Pacific, Africa, and the Middle East.I believe the reason for the growth in tourism in these continents majorly due to the easier accessibility to countries which are located further away from major centres such as the Americas and Europe. I can understand that it has become possible to travel to exotic, distant countries and continents due to long haul flights via the advancement of technology in aircrafts. Also, European tourist destinations like Italy, Spain and Portugal noticed the increase of tourists flocking to their cities and beaches and decided to ake advantage of this economic opportunity and built tourist attractions to promote their countries for tourism, and understood that they could rely heavily on tourism as an income provider for their countries economy, therefore felt comfortable enough to raise prices in the tourism industry as they were now more than reassured people will splash out on tourist type attractions. Here, I am able to notice a rather direct link between accessibility of a country/continent and the economic significance accessibility has in an area.However, these tourist destinations in Europe began to become costly due to the demand of infrastructure to be built to satisfy tourist numbers. This is another factor why we h ave been able to see a growth in tourism in other continents such as Asia, Africa and Australasia, as these continents were not internationally renowned as popular tourist destinations – and were cheaper than branded tourists destinations to holiday in- (in comparison to Europe and the Americas), until the 1980’s where accessibility to these continents became easier (due to long haul flights).Along with people’s ability of financially being able to travel to these vast regions, motivation also to discover foreign regions which they had no prior knowledge on came from use of the internet. The birth of the internet during the 1990’s progressively aided people’s knowledge and contact with regions that were not officially branded tourists destinations yet.The internet is also a form of accessibility mentally, as people were able to read about places across the globe and crunch numbers, such as travel time and expense of the trip that they formally woul d not have been able to do without the aid of the internet. Here, I can see a relationship between the economy and accessibility, in regards to the fact that people have become more willing to spend money on holidays due to the improved economy over the past 60 years, and also the economy of the country vastly improves too when tourists decide to holiday and spend money just too merely visit a country.I can put both of these aspects down under the understanding that accessibility has made this both easier for tourists and countries, therefore my analyses shall state that accessibility has had a positive impact on the economy side of tourism industry for a country over the past 60 years on a global scale. In simpler words, I would like to make very clear that provided and improved accessibility leads to growth and popularity of an area. Referring to graph 1, and incorporating the concept f accessibility, I can understand that Europe and the Americas are places that are never going to be neglected by tourists due to the physical geography of these places. Most countries in both of these continents lie extremely close together which makes accessibility easy and inexpensive for tourists. As both of these continents have extremely wealthy economies (example having London and New York in these continents), they could be described as not needing tourism as a source of finance to their countries’ economy such as other continents such as Asia and Africa that are home to many third world countries.Now, I shall discuss, in-depth, how a developing country copes with the pressure of tourism development, and how the development is affecting the country’s economy both positively and negatively. Bali is a small country in the Asia/Pacific region which has experienced tourism development quickly become extremely popular in a small amount of time. The first hotel was established in 1930, in Kuta, an area which today is one of the most popular tourist’s dest inations in Bali.The only other facilities and infrastructure in these early days (1920’s-1941) were the government houses which were not extremely appealing to tourists. However, over the next 20 years (1945-1961), Bali’s economy struggled due to WW2 and the civil war, which forced regulators to look for other options of income. During this period, President Sukano used Bali as a showplace to guests, which slowly, but surely, stimulated and attracted tourists to Bali, improving the Balinese economy.This was seen as extremely positive by the government, who decided to take an increased interest in the tourism sector as a main source of income for Bali’s economy. During 1967-1988, the Suharto regime went underway, to massively develop Bali for the sake of brining more and more money into Bali via the tourists. The perception which was held was that if Bali had developed infrastructure, tourists would be more attracted to Bali as a place to holiday – and fo r cheap as Bali was still a developing country during this era.

Affirmative action Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Affirmative action - Assignment Example Despite this argument, affirmative action has been met by many different views. This paper essay gives an insight on the works written by Pojman and Dworkin on their perception of Affirmative Action. Pojman focused on the moral issue surrounding Affirmative action after the Supreme Court ruled some forms of reverse discrimination constitution (478). He both supports and rejects Affirmative action as he claims that it does carry some moral weight. Pojman examines seven arguments regarding Affirmative Action; first four negative and the next three positive while attempting to explain why Affirmative Action fails. Pojman scorns the compensation argument terming it a distorted notion of compensation (478). He argues that the United States government was not directly involved in slavery and much of the harm done on blacks was as an outcome of private discrimination. Pojman argues that setting quotas in skilled positions and preferential treatments in higher learning institution for Blacks is not the solution since there is no clarity on whether all blacks were harmed in the same way, unjustly harmed, or harmed more than poor whites (478). United States existence in the 17thand 18th century was deeply characterized with slavery and oppression of Blacks, Native Americans and other minority groups (Pojman 479). These groups of people had their land taken from them, provided unpaid labour, were subject to brutal punishments and were denied most of their fundamental rights was stated in the constitution. Pojman claims that the government was not directly involved, but the government gave this private sector the right of ownership over these people and did nothing when their constitutional rights were violated (480). Affirmative action merely offers a way to compensate the descendants for the offences done to their ancestors by neutralizing the competitive disadvantage that Africans Americans continue to suffer

LAND LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

LAND LAW - Essay Example Charlotte, who is William’s solicitor, is unaware of the previous arrangements done on the property1. Charlotte has acquired a register of the title to Abbey farm from the land registry. The register however does not show any connection of the farm with previous loan associated with Simon who is William’s brother. A mortgage entail transferring land interest as security for other obligation or loan as stipulated in a case of ROPAIGELACH v BARCLAYS BANK (2000). The court accorded the mortgagee a right over the property even in the absence of the mortgagor. Property and real estate laws cover a diverse legal area that is regulated by the common laws and statutes. Real estate is mostly linked with buildings or structures and the land. Real estate comprises land and the materials belonging to it. Immovable structures such as trees, houses, minerals and bushes attached to the land are part of it2. Owning a real estate comes with benefits such as rights and interests associated with it. Land and the attached properties have been utilized as security for loans in various occasions. William is utilizing his Abbey farm as security toward the loan acquired from the Loamshire building society. William is the mortgagor while the mortgagee is Loamshire building society. The society is providing loan in exchange of security interest3. Most lending societies usually set the maximum amount of money that can be borrowed and used as security. If the property to be used as security has a mortgage, a second charge is utilized. In reality the first mortg age ranks before the second charge created in partnership between William and the society. Since the registry applied by charlotte does not include Simon’s loan and the security information. It will be a challenge for Mark to defend Simon as a solicitor in cases where the security is not indicated. The law governing mortgage is aimed at preventing criminals from taking an

Racism and the Value of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird Movie Review - 4

Racism and the Value of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird - Movie Review Example Relatively, it is our decisions that shape our intentions in life, regardless of racial and socioeconomic differences. This idea is shown through the characters of Boo Radley, Atticus Finch, Tom Robinson, and Violet Ewell. Specifically, the theme is most noticeable during the courtroom scene wherein Atticus Finch, a White lawyer, defends Robinson, a Negro man, against the accusations of Violet Ewell, a White young lady. Towards the end of the film, Radley emerges as another significant and controversial character, and this is because he killed Bob Ewell, Violet’s father. 2) What were the choices made by the main characters and what were the consequences of those choices? The most interesting characters in the film are Atticus and Radley because their decisions create interesting ideas about what the film really means in relation to Racism, crime and the American justice system. For instance, Atticus’ decision in defending Tom Robinson negates the stereotypical notions a bout the antagonism between Blacks and Whites. Specifically, Atticus’ character signifies the objective American who values facts more than anything else in the courtroom. However, Atticus’ decisions and principles go against the verdict of the jury, who still dwell in their prejudiced notions about Blacks. Radley is another interesting character because of his strange involvement in the Violet Ewell vs. Robinson trial. For instance, one can become curious about Radley’s true intention of killing Violet’s father, who had forcibly pushed Robinson to plead guilty to the rape case. In this case, one can ask â€Å"Is killing an alternative to justice?† In analyzing Radley’s character, one can say that he signifies the persona of a radical American who aspires for change in society, a chance that even a qualified lawyer like Atticus cannot achieve through his legal and formal courtroom rules. Relatively, although Radley emerges only in the last p art of the film, his role in the film is as significant as Atticus’, and this is because of the diversion he brings to the film, which also creates new perceptions about the film, in general. 3) What are three or four sequences most important in the film? Why? Although the story is a narration, the plot of the film follows the chronological order of events wherein viewers sees the sequential interplay of scenes. The three most significant scenes in the film are the projection of the innocent Alabama life, in the first part of the film, the courtroom scene, and the death of Bob Ewell. The first scenes of the film introduce the viewers to the carefree, innocent life of Alabama, particularly with the Finch kids. However, as the narrator said, their carefree life was only the superficial aspect of reality during those times, considering the Depression that struck most people on the American continent. Further, the courtroom drama shows the social and political issues in American during those times, particularly concerning the prejudicial jury and stereotyping of the Negroes as criminals and untrustworthy. Lastly, the death of Bob Ewell signifies another interesting topic in the film, which is about the intentions and motivations in committing a crime.  Ã‚  

Analysis Of The Tourism Industry In Pakistan

Analysis Of The Tourism Industry In Pakistan Introduction: Pakistan is a multilingual country with more than sixty languages being spoken. English is the official language of Pakistan and used in official business, government, and legal contracts, ] while Urdu is the national language. Pakistan is a good place for tourism as it has the most appealing and breathtaking views of mountains, plateaus and deserts. It has the high potential to attract a large number of foreign tourists, along with that, Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC) had set up 27 motels and 3 restaurants for the convienience of these foreign tourists, PTDC need to intensify their marketing ability in order to attract tourists from countries like, China, Middle East Korea, Japan, and many other countries. Moreover Pakistan government need to take certain actions, in order to promote and acknowledge Tourism in Pakistan, as doing so will not only benefit us financially but will also bring unity, compatibility and harmony among nations. Moreover government also need to encourage private sector to develop tourism-friendly environment which will result in financial stability. Source: PTDC page on mountaineering, http://www.tourism.gov.pk/mountain.html Research methodology: Most of the data obtained for this research will come secondary sources including book, internet, magazine etc but to increase the accuracy of information I will conduct primary research to validate my results from secondary data . Primary research for this assignment was conducted through a telephonic interview with people who are influence by the tourists. I have taken a sample size of 30 people who belong to different places but have one thing in common and that is they have interest in tourism in Pakistan. The sample selected [people who are either potential customer for tourism in Pakistan ir those who belong to promote tourism in Pakistan together with those who earn their living by providing service to foreign tourist. Following are the few questions which I have ask to these people in order to gather the data for my research. How are conditions in Pakistan for foreign tourists Do Pakistan has got enough place for foreign tourist to visit. How is security situation across the country What place would you suggest to foreign tourist to visit Do government of Pakistan taking enough steps to promote tourism Do people of Pakistan welcome tourist in their country In response to first question 70% of people interviewed responded that conditions in Pakistan are good enough to tourist. The condition include security situation but also include infrastructure road network and other conditions while the raining 30% were quall divide for example 15% said conational Pakistan are not favourable for foreign tourist while remaining 15% said they were not really sure. Out of the total sample I have selected 90% people do believe that Pakistan has enough place for many tourist to see and therefore had the other issue such security etc resolve Pakistan has much to offer foreign tourist while 10% people were not sure if Pakistan had enough place to offer to foreign tourist. In response to question of security conditions most people who were outside the Pakistan believe that Pakistan is not very secure country for foreign tourist and that accounted for the 80% of them while remaining 20% whom majority were Pakistanis in United Kingdom believe that Pakistan is though affected by terrorism and other issue but still security conditions in the country are satisfactory enough for the foreign tourist. While remaining people who were inside the country and when whether foreign tourist should Pakistan without risking their security have replied positively. When I ask on few places that people know should be interesting for tourist many people replied by pointing out historical place such Taxila, Mohn Jo daro to sea beeches of Karachi and beautiful natural place in Gilgit-Bilistan. But sadly people who were outside the Pakistan were not really sure the famous places to visit in Pakistan. In response to the question of whether government of Pakistan is promoting tourism in Pakistan whether its domestic tourism or foreign. Almost 70% of people said that government of Pakistan should do more and is not doing enough to promote positive image of the country. While remaining 30% were not sure about the government action to promote tourism. When I ask the question whether Pakistani people welcome tourist almost 90% agree that Pakistani people do welcome tourist either they are coming from other part of the country or from the other of the world. Tourism in Pakistan Due to its diverse culture, people and landscape, Tourism is growing industry in Pakistan, even after considered as one of the most dangerous country in the world, According to British Magazine The Economist. In Pakistan there are number of varieties of attraction that ranges from the ruins of ancient civilization such as Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa and Taxila, to the Himalayan hill-stations that attract those interested in field and winter sports. Moreover, Pakistan has several mountain peaks of height over 8,000 metres (26,250 ft), that attract adventurers and mountaineers from around the world, especially to K2. Many domestic and International tourists visit these areas most often in the month starting from April to September. Tourism has become the source of income for local people. In 2009, Pakistan was ranked 113 out of 130 countries to visit, According to the World Economic Forums Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report (TTCR). Although due to Political instability, suicide attacks, religious conflict, kidnapping of foreigner and uncertainty in the country had badly affected the Tourism throughout the country, especially NWFP, which is currently renamed as Pakhtoonkhwa. Source: Eco tourism: For decades, Ecotourism has become the significant part of the tourism business in Pakistan, as it has offered much tremendous experience along with the stunning mountains of NWFP, attracting number of tourists all over the world for hiking, skating, forest camping, climbing, and exploring the regions natural parks and forests. Pakistan ecotourism destination is unforgettable for those who have ever visited it. http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/pk Especially, Swat, Huns, Aruba, Abbott bad, Murfree, Narran and Kahn have yet been known as the ideal tourists spot for both summer and winter season. The snow-peaked mountains, the natural parks and the wildlife in the forests offered a thrilling experience especially for the one who is in search of adventure. The natural beauty of this mountainous scenery has attracted number of tourists generating vital jobs for local people in the hospitality-related businesses. Moreover the Swat valley alone known as the Switzerland of the East has become the centre for 800 hotels. Over 40,000 local people Pakistan employed directly in hospitality. http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/pk Impact of war on tourism in Pakistan: Over the past decade, and especially since 2007, the rapid spread of terrorism have not only created uncertainty in the country but also crushed the major sector of economy that causes unemployment, Suicide bombing has become common in everywhere likewise, in shops, markets, public places, business centres and institutes. War and conflict is not limited to a particular city. Its effect is everywhere, anybody can be victim of it. Due to fight between military and religious forces, the NWFP- which is considered 70% of the countrys tourists site, and where millions of people involved in the tourism industry are badly beaten. Continuous war and terror has weaken both the economy and defence of the area. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/tellis_pakistan_final.pdf Due to worst security situation and many of the popular location are converted into war zones, hardly few travellers now visit Pakistan. Although after 9/11 attack in USA, there was a slow decline of tourists in Pakistan but the recent military operations and suicide attacks have been the last nail in the smashing of tourism industry. Since the initiation of the major religious and military offensive, the earning that comes from tourism has been declining dramatically. From Rs 16 billion in 2007, revenues halved in 2008, with a further major fall in 2009. The industry is now facing a $50 million annual loss as a result of the military operations. The hospitality business had experienced a major fall of 40% in room occupancy countrywide. Moreover in NWFP, the insurgency has caused the shutdown of tourist industry. From the last three years the hotels have been closed while the industry has lost of Rs 600 billion. Moreover the transport industry is also going through tough times. Due to huge job losses in tourism and other related industry, majority of the people have migrated to other cities in the search of employment. Moreover the revenue that was generated from tourism has been declined by 11.8% in 2008, while 12% in 2009. The average family involved in tourism business used to earn around 40,000 per mouth and soon after war their earning has dropped to 5000/ month. With more than 25,000 people killed and more than a million displaced in the past year, planned hotel projects have been put on hold. The number of mountain climbers and foreign trekkers has reached zero. Barbarism and bloodshed now run rampant in places which once offered peace and tranquillity. No-one would dream of visiting these places for pleasure now. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/tellis_pakistan_final.pdf Moreover adding to the crises faced by these shattered tourism industry, the federal budget has also been cut by 36 percent for 2010-2011 comparatively with the previous year. The only project this year will be to reconstruction and renovation of existing buildings. There isnt any scheme introduced in order to help overcome terrorism. With the Pakistani political leadership appears to unaware of the real potential of industry, that show little or no prospect in the coming years of tourism attaining momentum that it lost. With the whole industry standing on the boundary of collapse the future looks blank for Pakistan most spectacularly beautiful locations. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/tellis_pakistan_final.pdf Pakistan strategy to control extremism: In the eighth year of the global war on terror, the international community has realized that it is a war of ideas that cannot be won through force. Eventually Pakistan sees that countries today have adopted unique approaches towards deradicalization according to the requirements of their cultural, political situation, and social specification. The aim of these practicing deradicalization programmes in Middle East and South East Asia, at a collective level, is to change the worldview of the affected persons. Private sectors or at some places government and private sectors together adopted the approach of rehabilitation and re-education of the detainees. The reason behind the failing of war on terror on both sides of Pak-Afghan border has also some structural causes such as refusal of Taliban from Afghan government, public perception of Pakistans policies as a key US ally, use of force as a priority option, continued US drone attacks, denial of any relief and transitional justice to the victims of military operation, issue of Afghan refugees, and lack of trust between US, Pakistan and Afghanistan. There is a strong tie between lack of human security and terrorism. Rise in extremism can lead to human insecurity and vice versa. Since independence, government of particular south Asian states have not been providing their people with minimum security. Governments and ruling classes, instead of focusing on dealing with the issues of human survival and development, embarked upon perpetuating their poPakistanr and influence. Subsequently, no South Asian country has been able to free itself from discriminatory and exploitative policies, which led to increased insecurity and to the rising number of communal and terrorist outfits. Even after the problem these outfits have made, no serious action has been taken by the government or civil society in order to diminish rise in extremist trend at the initial stage. All of the regional states are facing the menace of extremism and terrorism in one or other form. http://www.rferl.org/content/Analyst_Defeating_Extremism_In_Pakistan_Requires_Regional_Strategy/1368724.html Currently south Asian region are facing serious security threat which is due to increment of terrorism and extremism. There are various factors that have led towards this situation. The politics of violence and extremism in South Asia is mainly the result of faulty national policies and interference of external powers. The regions vast potential is hostage to unresolved inter-state and intra-state conflicts. In most of the states, the governments (either democratic or military) have failed in providing good governance and solving social problems such as unemployment, social injustice, and poverty. The political culture in these states was unable to meet the imperatives of globalization. In addition, instead of promoting unity and integration (both at national and regional levels) it led to ethnic solidarities and identification with religion and culture. Source : http://www.cssforum.com.pk/general/news-articles/articles/26177-causes-extremism-south-asia-pakistan.html How tourism situation could improve in Pakistan The tourism sector is being overlooked by the successive governments and quite tiny amount is allocated in Public Sector Development Programme that hardly caters for it demands. At global level, Pakistan is wrongly projected in the media and tourists are advised not to visit this south Asian country, which offer four-season tourism opportunities. Security is just not only the issue that has haunt the terrorism but there are also some other factors involved which add to woes of this multibillion dollar trade the world over. These factors involve like, Moreover, Lack of infrastructure, facilities to the tourists, transport, discouraging response from officials circles etc are also some of the areas that are need to be improved.` Until and unless take this (tourism) industry on priority basis, Pakistan are not going to see it flourishing. Pakistan also needs to put in maximum resource in our tourism sector. Pakistan has very diverse and rich culture to offer tourist together with lots of opportunity for adventure tourism as the four provinces and three territories of Pakistan are very diverse and so different that it doesnt look like to foreign tourist that they are in same country with different culture, attractions and different seasons. Pakistan should improve the image of country by first of improving security situation in order to convince foreign tourist that they are safe in the country because in the past the incident like kidnapping of American journalist and attack on srilankan team together with bomb blast in big cities of the country lead to a feeling among the west that Pakistan is not a safe country which is main cause of declining tourism in the country especially tourist from western countries are reluctant to visit Pakistan because of the fear that country is not safe enough. Together with these measure Pakistan need to improve its image by promoting itself on various platforms around the world and together promoting hospitality industry through giving them incentives, Pakistan can catch significant number of tourist looking for adventurism or natural beauty visit Pakistan and contribute significant revenue for the government of the country while providing employment to big number of its population. Security situation for tourist in Pakistan: Pakistan have got a number of places where tourist can visit and these places are safe and secure especially the southern part of Pakistan is very much safe together with northern areas like gilgit and biltistan which are very beautiful and well received by tourist that even though when war on terror going on bu the tourism in northern areas is increasing and every more and more foreign tourist are visiting these areas. The mountain there are very clean and beautiful which catch the attention tourist and that s the prime reason why many people who visited Pakistan will be able to tell you that how beautiful the place which is though not very promote but well received by people around the world. Source: http://www.eturbonews.com/15162/diversity-adventure-story-and-false-media-news-pakistan Every year thousands fo people from the countries such India and china are coming to see the Pakistan and they came here andseee the country hwile goi ng back they told their families and friends about the country which is not told on media.every Pakistan receive a grea t number of adventure tourist who came here because they believe that Pakistan is safe when they return with positive experience they act as advertisement for the country. Source: http://www.eturbonews.com/15162/diversity-adventure-story-and-false-media-news-pakistan The people of Pakistan are welcoming and they give respect to visitors and greet them, show them local custome anad tribal way of doing things which tourist find attractive and interesting. For the adventure tourist especially Pakistan is very good place, as in Pakistan there are huge mountains like the eastern Himalaya and other, these mountain have a height of over 8000 metres and are longest chain of mountain where people can do tracking, exploration, or anything in this beautiful area. Source: http://www.eturbonews.com/15162/diversity-adventure-story-and-false-media-news-pakistan Pakistan is unique ! Situated in the heart of the South Asian sub-continent, it is a country with its own history and cultural heritage, fascinating in its own right. Pakistan was the site for one of the worlds earliest human settlements, the great prehistoric Indus Valley Civilization, the crucible of ancient empires, religions and cultures. The land of Pakistan ranges from lofty mountains in the north, the Karakoram and the Himalayas, through dissected plateaus to the rich alluvial plains of the Punjab. Then follows desolate barrenness of Baluchistan and the hot, dry deserts of Sind blending into miles and miles of golden beaches of Makran coast. Come and Explore the Treasures of Pakistan with us. A visitor to Pakistan is more than a tourist to us he is an honoured guest. Competitive advantage of Pakistan over other countries: In order to compete in this environment every country in the competition to catch tourist have to offer competitive advantage which is the things that country can do best. The possession of competitive advantage is in itself is not enough but countries like industries to communicate it to potential tourist in rest of the world. The basis of competitive is always lie in the resources of the country with prime important is the way that country use these resource in order to get competitive advantage and also with the fact that the resource which formed the basis of competitive advantage are of sufficient quantity and quality. The three major resources for country are financial resource, physical and human resource . While these resource of financial human and other physical are in economics refer as land, labour and capital with the basic skills entrepreneurship. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/pakistan/images/badshahi-mosque-pakistan$24057-10 Its a open secret that northern areas of the country are very rich for attracting the potential tourist where the natural beautify of landscape with their traditional cultural heritage have made a heaven for eco tourist especially. But sadly those northern areas of the country are not very well developed and considered by government and therefore are not very well protected and their natural beauty with their unique cultural heritage couldnt effectively conserved by government of Pakistan till today. Though when considering adventure tourism we think about Nepal and other countries located in the region but Pakistan has enough to offer in adventure tourism such as five out of fourteen mountain peaks of K2 are situated in the Pakistan where there height reach to as much high as 8000 meter and together with this some of the largest glaciers are situated within the territory of gilgit-bilistan as these are largest glaciers outside the polar region. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan Mohenjo-Daro was a city located in the south of Modern Pakistan in the Sind Province, on the right bank of the Indus River. It was built between four and five thousand years ago, and lasted until 3,700 BP. It was part of the Harrapan Civilization, and the city had at least 35,000 residents. Mohenjo-Daro means mound of the dead. The city was approximately one square mile in size. In 1922-1927 large scale excavations at Mohenjo-daro Pakistanre carried out by R. D. Banarjee and continued by M. S. Vats and K. N. Dikshit under the direction of Sir John Marshall. E. J. H. MacKay carried out further excavations from 1927 to1931. Sir Mortimer Wheeler made small excavations in1950. http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/pk In Balochistan there are many caves for cavers and tourists to visit especially the Juniper Shaft Cave, the Murghagull Gharra cave, Mughall saa cave, and Pakistans naturally decorated cave, the Mango her Cave. Pakistan is a member country of the Union International de Spà ©là ©ologie (UIS). The northern parts of Pakistan are home to several historical fortresses, toPakistanrs and other architecture including the Huns and Chitral valleys, the latter being home to the Kalash, a small pre-Islamic Animist community.[Punjab is also the site of Alexanders battle on the Jhelum River. The historic city of Lahore is considered Pakistans cultural centre and has many examples of Mughal architecture such as the Badshahi Masjid, Shalimar Gardens, Tomb of Jahangir and the Lahore Fort. The Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC) also helps promote tourism in the country. HoPakistanver, tourism is still limited because of the lack of proper infrastructure and the worsening security situation in the country. The recent militancy in Pakistans scenic sites, including Swat in Khyber Parkton Kawa province, have dealt a massive blow to the tourism industry. Many of the troubles in these tourist destinations are also blamed on the frail travel network, tourism regulatory framework, an d low prioritization of the tourism industry by the government, low effectiveness of marketing and a constricted tourism perception. After these areas Pakistanre being cleared off the militant groups in late 2009, the government, with financial support from the USAID, started a campaign to reintroduce tourism in Swat valley. Pakistan receives 500,000 tourists annually, with almost half of them heading to northern Pakistan http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/pk Strategies to improve tourism in Pakistan: 1. Safety 2. Emergency evacuations 3. Easy bookings of hotels and resorts, train and air services, cabs etc. Tourism is, in the current period, one of the areas that can provide regional and country, a profitable and economic development. Natural and anthropogenic potential which Romania has is necessary to be properly exploited, providing promotion and development of investment programs, able to attract a large number of tourists. The project is presenting a series of specific mountain tourism development through investment programs focused on strategic quality tourism services and protect the natural environment. Airports are the gateway to the country. Facilities and handling provided at the International airports from a lasting impression on the foreign tourist. Our airports suffer from a number of drawbacks despite the vast improvements undertaken in recent years. Sufficient attention has not been paid to the periodic training and education of personnel involved in handling immigration, security and health checks. Personnel at the airports would be encouraged to learn at least one foreign language. Suitable financial incentive will be provided for this purpose. Facilitation counters located in the immigration area will be manned by the personal of PTDC. Accredited representatives of recognized travel agencies would be given identity cards valid up to airline and immigration counters. Baggage handling and clearance system should be improved. The tour operators will arrange insurance cover for the tourist groups handled by them. The existing requirement of police registration and restriction of movement of foreigners would be removed except where specifically required under security considerations. Most tourists visiting Pakistan require visas, which are issued by Pakistani Embassies or High Commissions in other countries. While implementation is satisfactory, visas are an irritant to tourism and add to the cost of a holiday. Visas for nationals from some neighbouring states include considerable restrictions, which puts significant limitations on the development of regional tourism. However, as a part of its policy to facilitate tourism, the government has recently eased restrictions on visas. Source : http://www.tourism.gov.pk/travel_guide.html The Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation maintains 21 Tourist Information Centres at various sites across the country; in addition, there are information offices Operated by provincial tourism authorities. However, the standard of service offered invariable and a rationalization of all centres is required, with staff training in foreign languages and customer relations. High-tech Tourist Information Centres of the kind available at Karachi International Airport, with e-mail, fax, and website facilities need to be established at the other major airports and city centres. A website of 1500 pages showing Pakistanis scenic tourist sites and cultural heritage has recently been launched which will greatly enhance awareness both nationally and internationally. Source : http://www.tourism.gov.pk/travel_guide.html There are approximately 41 tour operators in Pakistan that provide destination Management services for domestic and foreign tourists. As their services are critical to the development of international tourism, they need to be treated as a primary sub-sector and supported accordingly. Several areas of regulation impact negatively on tourism, such as the forbidden Photography of bridges and airports, and restricted zones where trekkers require special permission to enter. These restricted areas could be limited and perhaps renamed permit zones. Tribal leaders may be involved in the development of tourism activities in their areas. Although Pakistan possesses world-class tourist attractions, the international tourist Potential of areas such as the Swat Valley has been considerably reduced because of the lack of planning regulations, over-development and environmental degradation. Due to lack of co-ordination between the tourism industry and authorities in charge of natural, historical or religious sites, the tourism potential of such sites is not fully realized. Source : http://www.tourism.gov.pk/travel_guide.html Conclusion: Its the only industry, which needed more and more exploration (Zamar Sheikh) Pakistan is a major tourist attraction because it is blessed with natural beauty and Historical places that can yield huge foreign exchange if properly and methodically Exploited. Tourism could become foreign exchange earning industry for the country. Though Pakistan, has lately taken initiative but still there is dire need of tireless efforts to exploit this sector and to add more dimensions to attract the tourists. No proper attention was paid to harness the God gifted opportunity to earn more and More foreign tourists and foreign exchange which would open up new vistas of Employment in the tourism sector. Moreover the tourists may find and explore the market of their interest in Pakistan. Involvement of private sector was important to give boost to tourism. Private sector Should be given not only tax exemption but they also should be provided with vast Opportunities to invest and they must be facilitated also in terms of money; a network of five stars hotels and motels should be constructed at all tourists spots and tourist Operators may be provided necessary facilities, which on the one hand helped reduce unemployment while on the other harness foreign exchange. Private sector should take initiative to develop and exploit all tourist attraction and Historical location in the province, which unfortunately, has suffered due to negative Concept about its law and order. Good hotel industry acceptable to the international standards would give boost to the Tourist industry, which has suffered because of a number of reasons and one of them, was lack of proper accommodation for local as well as foreign tourists. At present there are about 4000 to 4500 rooms available in five star hotels throughout Pakistan, which were insufficient to the demand. There are problems n Pakistan which prevent this country from attracting its due share of international tourist and therefore to attract the tourist and to boost economy the government of Pakistan have to take serious measure to prevent threat of security to tourist together Pakistan need to promote itself as tourist destination at international forums but these both measure are equally important . The most important aspect security concern of tourist and therefore without taking proper measures to avoid security threat of security. the government of Pakistan should be conscious and careful when people visit this country and must show them how humble and welcoming they are and how interested people in Pakistan are to greet the foreign tourist as well as local tourist alike. Pakistan has truly potential for being a hot tourist spot in region especially for adventure tourism and eco tourism its potential is not unseen but need of the hour is promote itself and to reduce the concerns tourists.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun Essay -- English Literature

The play A Raisin In The Sun takes place in the south of Chicago, around the late fifties Setting The play â€Å"A Raisin In The Sun† takes place in the south of Chicago, around the late fifties. The scenes unfold in the Youngers’ apartment. It is a very small apartment with only a kitchen, a living/dining room and 2 little bedrooms. There is also a tiny bathroom that the Youngers have to share with their neighbours. Inside the apartment is very dark because there are only a few windows and the windows are extremely small. They are 5 people living in this little apartment and so there is very little space. The apartment contains shabby and dilapidated furniture disguised with pieces of cloth and other decorations. Summary The Youngers are a poor and struggling black family living in Chicago, U.S.A. The play begins with them waiting for an insurance cheque of $10,000.00 to come in the mail. Mr. Younger, Mama’s husband, has recently died and the $10,000.00 is a result of his life insurance. Everyone in the Younger residence has his or her own idea on how the money should be spent. Mama, the beneficiary wants to use the money to help to purchase a house with more space, Walter, her son, wishes to use the money to invest in a liquor store with his friends, and Beneatha, her daughter, plans to use the money to pay her college intuition. Ruth, Walter’s wife, shares Mama’s dream to buy a larger house, so that her son Travis may have somewhere to play. Ruth finds out that she is pregnant and she thinks it best to have an abortion because there is no available space in the house for another mouth, and she feels that having the child would also get in the way of Walter’s dreams. She explains this to Walter ... ...es towards African history. George Murchison is also very arrogant. Karl Lindner Karl Lindner is a white man living in Clybourne Park, which happens to be an all white neighbourhood. When the whites hear that the Youngers will be moving to Clybourne Park, they send Lindner to change the Youngers’ minds. In order to do so he bribes the Youngers. The Youngers reject his money and dismiss him from their apartment. Bobo Bobo is one of Walter Younger’s good friends, whom Walter decides to go into business with. They plan to open and run a liquor store. After Walter invests his money in the store and Willy Harris run off with it, Bobo is the person who comes and tells Walter. Willy Harris Willy Harris is another one of Walter’s friends who was involved in the liquor store business. It was he who got greedy, took Walter’s investment money and ran.

Romeo and Juliet Persuasive

Who Truly is to Blame? Choosing between telling the truth and keeping a secret are both hard decisions to make. In the play, Romeo and Juliet, these decisions can make or break a situation. The play is all about secrets kept and truths to be told, which end up causing the death of the star-crossed lovers. The story between the two lovers is that their affection for one another is a secret to each opposing houses. Was the secret worth keeping? As some characters helped disguise the love, others couldn’t keep it a secret.Romeo and Juliet were betrayed by a close friend who made plans that ended up fraudulent to both Romeo & Juliet, when the real job was to keep the love alive. Friar Lawrence is the definite reason for the deaths of the ill-fated lovers. Friar Lawrence was a helpful attribute to the secreted love affair. As he married Romeo & Juliet, he passionately supported their decision. â€Å"You shall not stay alone, till holy church incorporate two in one†(8 41). Friar gave true evidence to him supporting the marriage. If Friar had not thought he could keep the marriage a secret, why would he have performed the ceremony?If Friar had not supported the secret and prevented the love from occurring, the deaths of the paramours could have been prohibited. Friar Lawrence performing the ceremony just goes to show he did not put in mind what could happen to the safety of Romeo & Juliet. Friar Lawrence seemed to have a plan for Romeo to return back to his love. â€Å"Ascend to her chamber, hence and comfort her. But look thou shalt live till we can find a time to blaze you marriage, reconcile your friends, beg pardon of the prince, and call thee back with twenty hundred thousand times more joy than thou went’st forth in lamination†(863).Briefly, Friar showed his full plan for presenting Romeo & Juliet’s marriage to both the Capulet and Montague houses. In general, Friar should have either never agreed to the marriage or should have kept it a secret from everyone to prevent Romeo’s sudden banishment and Juliet’s heartbreak. Friar’s plan did not help as went planned, it damaged the situation. Therefore, Friar Lawrence contributed another reason why he is responsible for the death of Romeo & Juliet. Numerous people believe that Friar Lawrence was at the helm for the quietus of Romeo & Juliet, while others have a difference of opinion.People have confidence that Lord Capulet is to charge for the deaths. Capulet allegedly forced marriage upon Juliet causing her dejection. Also, Lord Capulet did not support Juliet’s decision to not marry Paris, being that he would disown his own pride and joy if she had chosen not to wed. Capulet’s dynamic ways made abounding people believe that he was the clue behind the deaths. However, Juliet’s father did attempt to postpone the exchange of vows to County Paris until he assumed Juliet was matured and prepared for t he burden of marriage.As stated, â€Å"My child is yet a stranger in the world, she hath not seen change for fourteen years; Let two more summers wither in their pride, ere we may think her ripe to be a bride†(769). For that matter, Capulet only tried to be a virtuous father and do what was best for his daughter, but easily letting pressure and royalty run his decisions. On the other hand, Friar Lawrence was secretive and unfaithful as a priest and close friend. Friar tried to repair every problem which in the end made nobody happy. Both the Montagues and Capulets have lost their beloveds from a far past feud.Was it all worth losing? Friar was censurable for the loss of Romeo & Juliet. To summarize, Friar Lawrence was 100% at fault for the deaths of Romeo & Juliet. Between his poorly thought out plans, the pain he caused Verona, and how untruthful he was as a priest, he, in fact, let down Romeo & Juliet. He may have wanted the best for everyone and to make all hap py, but he caused more problems than solutions. Consequently, all of the facts I have stated are tantamount to why Friar Lawrence is to blame for the unfortunate events.

Proofreading Exercises to Identify Errors in Verb Tense

Proofreading Exercises to Identify Errors in Verb Tense Verb tenses tell you when the action in a sentence is happening The three verb tenses are past, present, and future. Past tense verbs describe when something has happened, present tense verbs describe things that are continuous or that are happening now, and future tense verbs describe things that havent happened yet but are likely to occur in the future. Instructions In each of the following paragraphs, some of the sentences contain errors in verb tense. Write out the correct form of any verb that is used incorrectly, and then compare your findings with the answers provided further below. Hands Up! Recently in Oklahoma City, Pat Rowley, a security guard, deposit 50 cents in a City Hall vending machine and reach in to get a candy bar. When the machine catch his hand, he pull out his pistol and shoot the machine twice. The second shot sever some wires, and he got his hand out. The Christmas Spirit Mr. Theodore Dunnet, of Oxford, England, run amok in his house in December. He ripped the telephone from the wall, thrown a television set and a tape-deck into the street, smash to bits a three-piece suite, kicked a dresser down the stairs, and torn the plumbing right out of the bath. He offer this explanation for his behavior: I was shock by the over-commercialization of Christmas. Late Bloomers Some very remarkable adults are known to have experience quite unremarkable childhoods. English author G.K. Chesterton, for instance, could not read until the age of 8, and he usually finish at the bottom of his class. If we could opened your head, one of his teachers remark, we would not find any brain but only a lump of fat. Chesterton eventually become a successful novelist. Similarly, Thomas Edison was label a dunce by one of his teachers, and young James Watt was called dull and inept. Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa is one of the most famous portraits in the history of painting. Leonardo took four years to complete the painting: he begun work in 1503 and finish in 1507. Mona (or Madonna Lisa Gherardini) was from a noble family in Naples, and Leonardo may have paint her on commission from her husband. Leonardo is said to have entertain Mona Lisa with six musicians. He install a musical fountain where the water play on small glass spheres, and he give Mona a puppy and a white Persian cat to play with. Leonardo did what he could to keep Mona smiling during the long hours she sit for him. But it is not only Monas mysterious smile that has impress anyone who has ever view the portrait: the background landscape is just as mysterious and beautiful. The portrait can be seen today in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Hard Luck A bank teller in Italy was jilted by his girlfriend and decide the only thing left to do was kill himself. He stolen a car with the idea of crashing it, but the car broken down. He steal another one, but it was too slow, and he barely dent a fender when he crashed the car into a tree. The police arrive and charge the man with auto theft. While being questioned, he stab himself in the chest with a dagger. Quick action by the police officers saved the mans life. On the way to his cell, he jumped out through a third-story window. A snowdrift broken his fall. A judge suspends the mans sentence, saying, Im sure fate still has something in store for you. Answers Here are the answers to the above verb-tense exercises. Corrected verb forms are in  bold  print. Hands Up! Recently in Oklahoma City, Pat Rowley, a security guard,  deposited  50 cents in a City Hall vending machine and reached  in to get a candy bar. When the machine caught his hand, he pulled out his pistol and  shot  the machine twice. The second shot  severed  some wires, and he got his hand out. The Christmas Spirit Mr. Theodore Dunnet, of Oxford, England, ran amok in his house in December. He ripped the telephone from the wall;  threw a television set and a tape-deck into the street; smashed  to bits a three-piece suite, kicked a dresser down the stairs, and tore the plumbing right out of the bath. He  offered  this explanation for his behavior: I was​  shocked  by the over-commercialization of Christmas. Late Bloomers Some very remarkable adults are known to have  experienced  quite unremarkable childhoods. English author G.K. Chesterton, for instance, could not read until the age of eight, and he usually  finished  at the bottom of his class. If we could  open  your head, one of his teachers  remarked, we would not find any brain but only a lump of fat. Chesterton eventually  became  a successful novelist. Similarly, Thomas Edison was  labeled  a dunce by one of his teachers, and young James Watt was called dull and inept. Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vincis  Mona Lisa  is the most famous portrait in the history of painting. Leonardo took four years to complete the painting: he  began  work in 1503 and  finished  in 1507. Mona (or Madonna Lisa Gherardini) was from a noble family in Naples, and Leonardo may have  painted  her on commission from her husband. Leonardo is said to have  entertained  Mona Lisa with six musicians. He  installed  a musical fountain where the water  played  on small glass spheres, and he  gave  Mona a puppy and a white Persian cat to play with. Leonardo did what he could to keep Mona smiling during the long hours she  sat  for him. But it is not only Monas mysterious smile that has  impressed  anyone who has ever  viewed  the portrait: the background landscape is just as mysterious and beautiful. The portrait can be seen today in the Louvre Museum in Paris. Hard Luck A bank teller in Italy was jilted by his girlfriend and  decided  the only thing left to do was kill himself. He  stole  a car with the idea of crashing it, but the car  broke  down. He  stole  another one, but it was too slow, and he barely  dented  a fender when he crashed the car into a tree. The police  arrived  and  charged  the man with auto theft. While being questioned, he  stabbed  himself in the chest with a dagger. Quick action by the police officers saved the mans life. On the way to his cell, he jumped out through a third-story window. A snowdrift  broke  his fall. A judge  suspended  the mans sentence, saying, Im sure fate still has something in store for you.

Learn About the Causes and Effects of Smog

Learn About the Causes and Effects of Smog Smog is a mixture of air pollutants- nitrogen oxides  and volatile organic compounds- that combine with sunlight to form  ozone. Ozone can be beneficial or harmful, good or bad, depending on its location. Ozone in the stratosphere, high above the Earth, acts as a barrier that protects human health and the environment from excessive amounts of solar ultraviolet radiation. This is the good kind of ozone. On the other hand, ground-level ozone, trapped near the ground by heat inversions or other weather conditions, is what causes the respiratory distress and burning eyes associated with smog. How Did Smog Get Its Name? The term smog was first used in London during the early 1900s to describe the combination of smoke and fog that often blanketed the city. According to several sources, the term was first coined by Dr. Henry Antoine des Voeux in his paper, â€Å"Fog and Smoke,† which he presented at a meeting of the Public Health Congress in July 1905. The type of smog described by Dr. des Voeux was a combination of smoke and sulfur dioxide, which resulted from the heavy use of  coal to heat homes  and businesses and to run factories in Victorian England. When we talk about smog today, we’re referring to a more complex mixture of various air pollutants- nitrogen oxides and other chemical compounds- that interact with sunlight to form ground-level  ozone  that hangs like a heavy haze over many cities in industrialized countries. What Causes Smog? Smog is produced by a set of complex photochemical reactions involving  volatile organic compounds  (VOCs),  nitrogen oxides  and sunlight, which form ground-level  ozone. Smog-forming pollutants come from many sources such as automobile exhaust, power plants, factories, and many consumer products, including paint, hairspray, charcoal starter fluid, chemical solvents, and even plastic popcorn packaging. In typical urban areas, at least half of the smog precursors come from cars, buses, trucks, and boats. Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the location and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can occur more quickly and be more severe on a hot, sunny day. When  temperature inversions  occur (that is, when warm air stays near the ground instead of rising) and the wind is calm, smog may remain trapped  over a city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the  smog  gets worse. This situation occurs frequently in Salt Lake City, Utah. Ironically, smog is often more severe farther away from the sources of pollution, because the  chemical reactions  that cause smog take place in the atmosphere while pollutants are drifting on the wind. Where Does Smog Occur? Severe smog and ground-level  ozone  problems exist in many major cities around the world, from Mexico City to Beijing, and a recent, well-publicized event in Delhi, India. In the United States, smog affects much of California, from San Francisco to San Diego, the mid-Atlantic seaboard from Washington, DC, to southern Maine, and major cities in the South and Midwest. To varying degrees, the majority of U.S. cities with populations of 250,000 or more have experienced problems with smog and ground-level ozone. According to some studies, more than half of all U.S. residents live in areas where the smog is so bad that pollution levels routinely exceed safety standards set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What Are the Effects of Smog? Smog is made up of a  combination of air pollutants  that can compromise human health, harm the environment, and even cause property damage. Smog can cause or aggravate health problems such as asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory problems as well as eye irritation and reduced resistance to colds and lung infections. The  ozone  in smog also inhibits plant growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forests. Who Is Most at Risk From Smog? Anyone who engages in strenuous outdoor activity- from jogging to manual labor- may suffer smog-related health effects. Physical activity causes people to breathe faster and more deeply, exposing their lungs to more  ozone  and other pollutants. Four groups of people are particularly sensitive to ozone and other air pollutants in smog: Children- Active children run the highest risks from exposure to smog, as children spend a lot of time playing outside. As a group, children are also more prone to asthma- the most common chronic disease for children- and other respiratory ailments than adults.Adults who are active outdoors- Healthy adults of any age who exercise or work outdoors are considered at higher risk from smog.People with respiratory diseases- People with asthma or other chronic respiratory diseases are more sensitive and vulnerable to the effects of ozone. Typically, they will experience adverse effects sooner and at lower levels of exposure than those who are less sensitive.People with unusual susceptibility to ozone- Some otherwise healthy people are simply more sensitive to the pollutants in smog than other people and may experience more adverse health effects from exposure. Elderly people are often warned to stay indoors on heavy smog days. Elderly people are probably not at increased risk of adverse health effects from smog because of their age. Like any other adults, however, elderly people will be at higher risk from exposure to smog if they already suffer from respiratory diseases, are active outdoors, or are unusually susceptible to ozone. How Can You Recognize or Detect Smog Where You Live?   Generally speaking, you will know smog when you see it. Smog is a visible form of air pollution that often appears as a thick haze. Look toward the horizon during daylight hours, and you can see how much smog is in the air. High concentrations of nitrogen oxides will often give the air a brownish tint. In addition, most cities now measure the concentration of pollutants in the air and provide public reports- often published in newspapers and broadcast on local radio and television stations- when smog reaches potentially unsafe levels. The EPA has developed the  Air Quality Index  (AQI) (formerly known as the Pollutant Standards Index) for reporting concentrations of ground-level ozone and other common air pollutants. Air quality is measured by a nationwide monitoring system that records concentrations of ground-level  ozone  and several other air pollutants at more than a thousand locations across the United States. The EPA then interprets that data according to the standard AQI index, which ranges from zero to 500. The higher the AQI value for a specific pollutant, the greater the danger to public health and the environment.

The food crisis of 2008 had been threatening for a few years, mostly Essay

The food crisis of 2008 had been threatening for a few years, mostly affecting the poor. A variety of causes but mostly mad-made - Essay Example 5-19, 2008). This crisis was one of the threatening incidents that not only affected a big faction of the human race who died of hunger and malnourishment but also grabbed the attention of the developed nations to the fact that with their increase in wealth, they are not performing adequately to surmount the world’s dilemmas and concerns. It has been an observation that the prosperous, successful, and developed countries have the least priority to nourish the starving population, though they have sufficient amount of food that they can provide to the entire inhabitants of the globe. One cannot ignore the reality that governments and United Nations need to put a lot of endeavor in such crises to embark on the problem of hunger. As there is a connection between different problems, resolving of one will lead to solve others as well. The food crises resulted in the sky-high prices of food. As an outcome of it, the fuel prices augmented due to the growing demand from the emergent n ations. With the increase in cost of commodities like food, fuel etc, and the unchanging income pattern of the individuals, it became difficult for them to pay for the basic and fundamental needs like food. The people that fall in the category of most effected sufferers are the poor natives like farmers and laborers and other low-income people (Shiva & Sagbo, pp. 5-19, 2008). It is a foremost right of all the natives of a country that government provides them with food security. This phenomenon refers to a condition where sufficient food is available for all the citizens, whether they are poor or rich. According to the research, it came under indication that due to the financial crisis and change in climate/weather the world has experienced, the supply of food to the natives has seen a drastic turn down subjecting food security to jeopardy. The result of the crisis may have a grave effect on the political steadiness and may result in wars to obtain food for one self. According to th e reports of United Nations World Food Program, "For the world's most vulnerable, the perfect storm [caused by climate, poverty, environmental degradation and political instability] is hitting with a vengeance† (Cribb, pp.1-14, 2010). This statement reflects the idea about the crisis that the world is undergoing unprecedented food shortage leaving an indelible imprint on the lives of many. Due to its effects, nobody is in a condition to provide an aid to each other. The short-term factors that caused the food crises in the years 2008 and 2011 were innumerable. However, only few came under investigations, which are as follows: some countries, known for only wheat agriculture, which is one of the staple foods for the majority of the population, observed famine in past years resulting in disappearance of wheat crops (Karrer, pp. 45-69, 2008). Another reason for the crisis was the increase in the consumption of meat in developing countries resulting in shortage of meat products. F urthermore, according to studies, the fact has revealed that the proportion of the population who are obese is increasing resulting in over consumption of food worldwide. Due to the increase in oil prices, the transportation cost for carrying foods from farm to market has also risen, adding to the food prices (Karrer, pp. 45-69, 2008). Where global recession has terribly crushed the powerful economies,

Hunger Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hunger - Term Paper Example Animals that have lesions in ventromedial hypothalamus become obese. Further studies revealed that even though these hypothalamic centers are crucial in managing hunger and satiety, they are not absolutely responsible for the hunger behavior. Environmental factors considerably affect hunger or food intake. Pregastric Factors are also crucial here. Visual appearance of food and taste or odor of food influence hunger and food intake. Learned aversions and preferences also affect food intake. Psychological factors like  sadness, fear, anxiety, depression, happiness and social interactions can also influence food intake. Gastrointestinal and Postabsorptive factors also control hunger and eating behavior. The amount of gastrointestinal fill is a key factor that describes the behavior of digestive tract. A full intestine or a full stomach brings satiety. This is through the vagus nerve that sends the information back to the hypothalamus. Apart from that, the enteric hormone cholecystokin in is set to stimulate satiety. When nutrients like amino acids and glucose are properly absorbed, their levels rise in blood. This also makes the hormone levels increase in concentration in blood. Concentrations of hormones like insulin, glucagons and cholecystokinin increase. These changes influence the feeling of hunger and satiety. Obesity is considered genetic to a certain extent. Not every obesity case is caused by genetics. Overeating and lack of exercise can cause obesity. There are several other factors that cause obesity. However, the chief culprit of obesity is genetics. Relation between genetics and obesity has been proved by a research performed on twins who were brought up in different places. The research analyzed the influence of environmental factors and genetic factors that influence obesity. Studies brought the results that genetic factors account for more than forty percent of obesity reasons in children and adults. Even though genetic factors are not