Is Racism A Reaction To Ethnicity Or Behavior?

Is Racism A Reaction To Ethnicity Or Behavior?For a sociology essay topic to be an effective concept and consequently a valuable piece of scholarly work, it should not only be based on concrete facts. It should be based on the way that our own minds react to issues that are important to us in our lives. It should be a reflection of the very attitudes that we have about certain issues in society.Racist attitudes, attitudes that are based on racism, as a rule, have the capacity to influence the behavior of members of a group. If these attitudes are not corrected in a systematic manner, the society in which we live would never be the same.The accepted version of racism is based on the idea that blacks are inferior to whites. And, being based on a set of beliefs that has to be explicitly stated, these views of racism cannot be re-examined, disregarded or altered. However, new research indicates that racism is not a result of genes, but is caused by the creation of a society in which indi vidualism is a dominant psychological element. As a result, individuals who are born into a society that values individualism tend to be resistant to changing racial and cultural norms.Many people today believe that prejudice and racism are driven by individual identity rather than religion or culture. But, science has yet to discover the reason why racism is so prevalent in certain parts of the world. Some argue that it is the result of being taken for granted by members of a group that enjoys 'preferential treatment' at the hands of the wealthier and more powerful people in a society.Racism is not a permanent trait; it can be overcome and reversed. If you want to discuss racism in a sociology essay topic, the first step is to acknowledge the existence of racism. To make that acknowledgment, consider the following reasons for racism.It is an important way of behavior. We all have an association with something that defines who we are as individuals. If, for example, we become aware of the concept of slavery, it has a negative impact on our life; but, we can also react to the concept by starting something positive, through charitable giving. On the other hand, racism is negative, and in fact makes life difficult for many. If we are unable to overcome the negative element of racism, it can lead to the demise of a society.Our prior examinations have identified other factors that influence attitudes that may lead to racial intolerance. If you feel you cannot write an effective sociology essay topic without addressing racism, the only solution is to come up with a comprehensive method that will include methods that are both real-life examples and scientific data.

Emotional And Emotional Effects Of Emotional Abuse

Introduction Emotional or physiological abuse is a form of abuse that has been occurring for years. . Even with all of the circumstances that stems from emotional abuse, communities and schools can provide resources that increase family resiliency to help protect children from abuse or neglect. Teachers today have to deal with a lot when it comes to the lack of performance by their students. Some students experience corporal punishment at home. Teachers tend to hear conversations between students and peers that draw conclusions on abuse or parenting differences. The method of emotional abuse can stem from a variety of situations and issues that are harmful and hard to detect Emotional Abuse Emotional abuse can cause harm to a child’s spirit. Based on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, emotional abuse is injury to the emotional stability or psychological capacity of a child evidence by substantial or observable change in emotional response, cognition, or behavior, caused by aggressive behavior, depression, withdrawal, or anxiety (Grant and Ray, 2013, p. 180). Emotional abuse is a form of abuse that is difficult to identify due to the manifestations of emotional abuse caused by delays in physical development, learning problems, and speech disorders. These conditions may not be apparent until later years of a child’s maturation. Family Resiliency Once children go through any kind of abuse they suffer inwardly (mentally and physically). TheShow MoreRelatedEmotional Abuse And Its Effects On A Person Essay949 Words   |  4 Pages Emotional abuse is defined by its devastating effects on a person. It is seen in the forms of domestic abuse, bullying, and child abuse. Research shows how someone who has been emotionally abused develops personality disorders, has low self-esteem, and even has suicidal thoughts. Although there has been research that provides a general idea of emotional abuse and its effects, the research should take a deeper look at how the smallest details affect someone. My position differs from those who claimRead MoreEmotional Abuse : Cause And Effects1344 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional Abuse: Cause and Effects Abuse comes in many forms such as physical, sexual, verbal, or even emotional; feelings or emotions have the ability to cut as deep as any weapon; causing long term damage in the lives of children. Larry James was once quoted in saying: â€Å"Emotional abuse is just as damaging as physical abuse. The only difference between the two is with physical abuse you are wearing it on the outside for the world to see and the other is felt deep inside. Others cannot see the bruisesRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Abuse On Mental Abuse1537 Words   |  7 PagesCan a tongue do as much damage as a fist? The seriousness of emotional abuse as opposed to physical abuse is a controversial topic. Some bring the power of emotional abuse into question, alluding that since the threat is not imminent and a person cannot exactly succumb from spoken words, it is not as damaging. However, if a wound or scar is not visible, does it make it any less real or devastating? The effects of emotional abuse are far-reaching and overwhelming, and should therefore receive at leastRead MoreEffects of Emotional Abuse Essay example1460 Words   |  6 Pagesyear more cases of Emotional abuse go unreported because the majority of people experiencing em otional abuse are not aware that it is happening. I was one of these people years ago; it took some caring friends to get me to see what was going on. In the following paragraphs I will touch on ways one can tell they are being emotionally abused, and ways to get help. While Undefined, Emotional abuse affects more people each day because they do not know that they are being abused. Abuse is any behaviorRead MorePsychological And Emotional Effects Of Psychological Abuse928 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological abuse, which includes verbal and emotional abuse, is a widespread and common problem in our society. Mary Jo Fay (2007), states that verbal abuse, â€Å"includes name-calling, shouting and yelling.† She also goes on to say that emotional abuse: includes blaming, accusing and restricting your freedom - like preventing you from using the phone or talking to family members, or recording the mileage on your car to see if you ve driven somewhere not allowed. Attempting to confuse you mentallyRead MoreThe Effect of Child Abuse on The Emotional Development of the Infant1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Child Abuse on the Emotional Development of the Infant to Five Years Old in the United States A Review of the Literature Child abuse is one of the most serious issues in the United States today. Child abuse is the physical, emotional/ psychological or sexual maltreatment of a minor. Neglecting a child is another type of abuse, and includes malnutrition, abandonment, and/or inadequate care of a child’s safety. Additionally, any neglectful act can lead to physical or emotional harmRead MoreEarly Childhood Abuse and the Effects on Emotional Development1352 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Early childhood abuse and the effects on emotional development Abstract The present research is aimed at providing an account of early childhood abuse and its effects on further emotional development. A first focus falls on outlining the psychological stages of emotional development and the notion of emotional response, followed by a thorough analysis of the child abuse spectrum together with effects, both early and belated, of general and most notably socio-emotional nature. Firstly, the meaningRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Abuse On A Person s Health868 Words   |  4 Pages Emotional abuse may not be physical but it can lead to physical abuse. A person who is emotional abused may suffer from confidence and self – esteem issues that can lead to bigger problems. The abuser may insult weight and looks. The victim may start to change how much they weigh and look dramatically. Anorexia and bulimia could be one of the ways a victim may change their weight. These two diseases are detrimental to a person’s health. Malnutrition, bone density loss, immune system weakness, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Forgiveness Therapy After Spousal Emotional Abuse1133 Words   |  5 Pages Ashley Pasquale The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy after Spousal Emotional Abuse Liberty University Summary Spousal abuse of women takes on a variety of forms, one of which is psychologically and emotional abuse. This type of abuse have have negative outcomes that can last years, or even a lifetime if not properly dealt with. There are a variety of therapies to help women cope with previous abusive relationships, but this particular study looked into Forgiveness Therapy (Reed EnrightRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Abuse On The Lives Of People Around Them2774 Words   |  12 PagesAn abusive relationship can take a toll on one’s life and the lives of people around them. In romantic relationships, abuse can range from anything physical to emotional. Physical abuse in romantic relationships is a form of domestic violence, which is all too common in American families. â€Å"Intimate partner violence is one of the most common causes of injury in women. In several large studies in US accident and emergency departments, 11-30% of injured women whose mechanisms of injury and rela tionship

Key Definitions And Concepts Of Physical Development

Running head: FIRST STEP IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT 1 First Step in Child Development Key Terms and Concepts Assignment Gabriella Finkel Professor Liza Keating / Fall 2014 September 8, 2014 Key Terms and Concepts Physical Development 1. Gross motor skills, according to researchers Shelley Mitchell and Wendy Roberts (2005), refer to the development of basic motor skills, such as standing and walking, in healthy children, and these skills are refined with age. In children with developmental maladies, including those with Autism, gross motor skills are compromised in that proper coordination and the natural progression of such skills are often thwarted. 2. Fine motor control involves â€Å"rapid developmental changes† which allow infants to be self-sustaining through refinement in hand control and â€Å"oral motor skills† (Black Hurley, 2013). Within this context, as infants develop fine motor skills, they will attain the abilities to properly hold eating utensils, thereby feeding themselves, and thus acquire a more varied diet, transitioning from a diet of milk and / or formula to solid foods. 3. Spatial Relations, or â€Å"visual spatial attention,†¦is achieved through the component disengage, shift and engage operations of the posterior visual attention system† (Bryson, 2010). Spatial relations is a key aspect of child development because as the brain matures with age, infants’ attention span is no longerShow MoreRelatedEssay On Katherine Kolcabas Theory Of Comfort1191 Words   |  5 Pagesearly 1900s stressed on the role of a caregiver in making sure that a patient is provided with physical and emotional comfort in addition to proper adjustment to physical environment. A modern inquiry of comfort commenced in the 1980s with the key objective of establishing the meanings of comfort. It was conceptualized that the term â€Å"comfort† is multidimensional, in that, it relates to the spiritual, physical and emotional comfort. Through environmental interventions, nurses are able to make their patientsRead MoreMarketing Concepts1469 Words   |  6 PagesMARKETING CONCEPTS Following are the six concepts of marketing †¢ Production concept †¢ Product concept †¢ Selling concept †¢ Marketing concept †¢ Societal marketing concept †¢ Holistic marketing concept THE PRODUCTION CONCEPT: DEFINITION BY KOTLER: â€Å"It is the idea that customers will favor products that are available and highly affordable and that the organization should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency.† EXPLANATION: This concept is theRead MoreProduct Concept Definition1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe Product Concept PhaseAs discussed in Chapter 2, new ideas for new products and services are generated in many different ways in and outside the modern company in the market. Today a more open and collaborative process of accessing innovative ideas and problem solutions is available to companies on the Web in the form of wiki platforms. A wiki is a collaborative Website that can be directly edited by anyone with access to it. This virtual market for new product ideas that is generated by a wikiRead MoreHuman Computer Interaction And Analytics Technologies Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Science By Manju Yadav Akkaraboina Fall - 2016 Abstract This paper explains the development in the human computer interaction by using the analytics technologies. The analytics technologies act as a decision support system for the further development in the human computer interaction. These analytical systems help us to identify the potential uses and help us to correct if any flaws are present in the existing onesRead MoreOriginal Writing : Sister Callista Roy1315 Words   |  6 Pagesdoctorate degree in sociology from the University of California. Roy was confronted with a challenge to establish a nursing conceptual model, which she accepted. Roy had noticed, throughout her nursing, that children were able to adapt to key psychological and physical changes. Roy decided to use adaptation as the basis for a nursing conceptual model. Roy’s outline of the adaptation model was accepted by Mount Saint Mary’s College in 1968, this is when Roy began creating the model of adaptation. TheRead MoreTheory of Successful Aging1648 Words   |  7 Pagescare of aging. Flood’s(2002) unique definition of successful aging among other explanations includes mental, physical, and spiritual elements of the aging person and emphasizing the individuals self appraisal. She used existing knowledge derived deductively from the Roy adaptation model, one of the most widely accepted nursing theory model, and integrated these ideas with Tornstams sociological theory of gerotranscendence and literature related to the concept of successful aging to comprise theRead MoreMy Views On America Moving Toward A Sustainable Society1740 Words   |  7 Pagesinterchange information around the world and help each other solve challenges we might face regarding goals to achieve a sustainable society. 2. Select 5 of the Physical elements of healthy towns, villages, and neighborhoods and briefly discuss how a community designed considering these aspects is more sustainable than one that does not. Five physical elements of healthy towns, villages and neighborhoods are as followed. A variety of functional uses other wise known as attributes mixed-uses as well as,Read MoreEssay on My Personal Philosophy of Education1490 Words   |  6 Pagesproperly describe my philosophy, I realized I needed a working definition of the concept of philosophy. My search for this working definition of the term philosophy led to further research which provided further insight into viewpoints of various well-known philosophers; some of whom we discussed in class. Therefore, the purpose of my research became twofold, the first purpose was to obtain a working definition of the concept of philosophy. The second purpose was to become more familiarRead MoreAgricultural Extension Practices For A Farming Community1358 Words   |  6 Pagessuit extension development in all circumstances. The purpose of this chapter is to consider farming from the perspective of the farmer and how such consideration might benefit extension approaches and outcomes. The farming environment is complex and personal, each farmer’s production and lifestyle situation unique to them and reflective of the various social, cultural and environmental values they hold important. To understand such perspectives this chapter will explore the concept of farmers’ livelihoodRead MoreNursing Is A Calling, A Lifestyle, And A Passion. Becoming1713 Words   |  7 Pagesnurse’s idea of what they theorize as true of the nursing profession and guides them in their daily practices. In relation to patient care the focus is on holistic patient-centered care; this style of nursing is not only concerned with the patient’s physical well-being but their emotional, spiritual, and mental well-being. Nursing requires us to recall that we are human and to recognize so is everyone else. Wit hout exception, every person is affected by their environment, their health, and their relationships

Essay Ford Motor Company Memo - 2066 Words

Memo To:Retire at Age Fifty Fund (RAFF) From: Penelope Magouliotis, Jeffery Childs, Marcus Eggleston, Syed AzeemDate:February 15, 2014 Subject:Ford’s Shareholder Value Enhancement Plan (VEP) Evaluation Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company is an American automaker, it is the worlds fifth largest automaker based on worldwide vehicle sales. Its headquarters are based in Dearborn, Michigan, which is a suburb in Detroit. Henry Ford founded Ford Motor Company on June 16, 1903 and it became one of the largest and most profitable companies in the world, as well as being one of the few to survive the Great Depression. Ford Company is the largest family-controlled company in the world; it has been in continuous family power for over 110†¦show more content†¦GM has just over one year’s worth. DC currently has negative free cash flows because of high capital expenditures, so it has negative Cash to Free Cash Flow ratio. Based on all this Ford has a good amount of cash. What are Ford’s primary sources of cash? Why did Ford choose to accumulate so much cash? Ford’s primary resource of cash is issuing stock to shareholders. By having class A and class B shares, Ford is able to have control of the corporation in the family. They have increased given the shareholders a confidence by increasing their dividends as well. Ford need to accumulate cash because the automotive industry easily once projects start to fail. A prime example would be its failure of the car Edsel, which marked as one of the greatest flops in the world of business history. Provide an overview of Value Enhancement Plan (VEP) by briefly discussing the aspects below. Explain what shareholders would receive in exchange for (a) old common shares, (b) old class B shares, and (c) old shares held in the employee saving plan. Explain how dividends and taxations will be applied to VEP. The VEP is basically a plan for investors to capitalize on instead of having control over the corporation. The entire reason behind this plan is so that the Ford family does not loose any control over the corporation, yet still have good financial backing from its investors. For class A shareholders, the VEP shareholders would exchange theirShow MoreRelatedRegulatory Oversight And Recall Of President Lyndon B. Johnson Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pageshigh-profile hearings on automobile safety in 1965. In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed both the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act and the Highway Safety Act into law. The two bills gave the federal government authority to set and enforce safety standards for vehicles and roads. The NTMVSA was the first legislation mandating federal safety standards for motor vehicles. Although the safety standards in the NTMVSA were watered down in response to industry lobbyists, it required importantRead MoreFord Swot1259 Words   |  6 PagesMemo To: Alan Mulally From: Travis Harper Date: March 6, 2012 Re: SWOT and Value Chain Analysis The purpose of this memo is offer the Ford management team advice and recommendations based on an internal and external analysis of the Ford Motor Company. A SWOT analysis will be conducted and the memo will outline and explain the processes involved with the analysis. A SWOT analysis will provide the decision makers of the company with information about the positive and negative aspects of bothRead MoreFederal And Non Profit Organizations1255 Words   |  6 PagesThis memo discusses the findings of federal and non-profit organizations that support public policy research in transportation, forestry, and agriculture. While many organizations provided funds for transportation, forest, and agricultural needs; many did not provide funding opportunities for organizations to conduct public policy related research. However, thirty-four non-profit organizations and two federal website provide funding opportunities for research in the areas transportation, forestryRead MoreThe Ford Motor Co mpany and the Pinto Case1300 Words   |  5 Pages It’s 1968 and the Ford Motor Company is losing ground to foreign made cars that are smaller with improved fuel efficiency. Additionally, these cars are cheaper to produce and thus easier to purchase for the already strapped American consumer. The vice-president of Ford Motors is Lee Iacocca who, tired of losing ground to the foreign competition, has devised a plan to introduce an American subcompact car that can compete for the domestic market share currently being swallowed by foreign automakersRead MoreMeasuring One s Self Worth Or The Worth Of Another Person1315 Words   |  6 Pagesto quantify. After all, there are many factors which must be calculated. In 1968, Ford Motor Company had the daunting task of attempting such calculation. This paper will analyze the scenario Ford Motors was in, and attempt to rationalize the decisions making process that was utilized in an attempt to keep â€Å"some† stakeholders content. Keywords: Ford Pinto, Self Worth, Value of Life In 1968, Ford Motor Company made a historic decision regarding the production model Pinto, which was designedRead MoreCase Study : Toyota And Ford Essay3044 Words   |  13 Pagescompany’s reputation for producing quality cars including their brand image. This paper aims to elaborate on two very well publicized auto makers and their respective crises and the critical management decisions that were made and their impact. Toyota and Ford as we all know have a very strong industry reputation as well as millions of loyal and faithful followers and owners of their vehicles; however, these two giants of the automobile industry had two of the most publicized cases in modern day historyRead MoreCase Study : The Firestone Complete Auto Care1429 Words   |  6 Pageshandle any sorts of problems. Manufacturer companies also need to be ready to communicate to the stakeholders and let them know that they are their priority. However, when a plan is not firmly established, completely ignored or do not take the responsibility for the crisis, the company can jeopardize not only their reputation, but also loose financially, the way Firestone/Bridgestone and Ford Company had to undergo. The Firestone Complete Auto Care is a company that produces and supplies pneumatic tiresRead MoreEssay on Ford/Firestone Rollover Deaths4792 Words   |  20 PagesFORD/FIRESTONE TIRE TREAD ROLLOVER DEATHS Case Details: Describe in detail the illegal/unethical behavior you will be analyzing in your case analysis. You may choose any case of interest from your text or the news. In 2001, more than 175 deaths and 700 injuries in the United States were the result of Ford Explorers rolling over after the tread separated on Firestone tires with which the Explorers had been equipped. Firestone’s Wilderness AT tires were standard with Ford Explorers in 2000. SinceRead MoreFirestone and Ford: the Tire Tread Separation Tragedy5367 Words   |  22 PagesCase 30 Firestone and Ford: The Tire Tread Separation Tragedy I t is often tricky to know when an ethical or social issue really begins. Does it begin before it is â€Å"recognized† or â€Å"identified† as an issue? Does it begin when an isolated manager recognizes an incident or a trend and reports it via a memo to his superiors? Does it begin once the media get hold of information and the frenzy begins? Such questions arise in the case of the Firestone–Ford tire tread separation debacle that began dominatingRead MoreEvolution of Cars from 1970s-20102898 Words   |  12 Pagesconstant remodeling and change from year to year. While there are not generally drastic changes, there are societal and cultural changes that affect the styling of the automobiles that companies produce. Beginning in the 1970 s there were drastic changes in society that completely altered the products car companies were distributing, such as the change from muscle cars to smaller fuel efficient economy cars. As time progressed the evolution of popular cars such as the station wagon, minivan, and

Music On The Cognitive Processing Of The Brain - 2627 Words

Abstract An important topic in psychology for many decades now has been the influence of music on the cognitive processing of the brain. Cognitive processes include attention, memory, producing and understanding language, solving problems, and making decisions. Recent advances in technology have revealed that music has a heavy effect on the brain’s affective, cognitive, and motor components. Evidence has been found to support the idea that music can alter the topography of the brain which improves memory and strengthens the skill of understanding language. This fact is something many educators are beginning to take advantage of. Not only does music improve the aforementioned, it also allows for quick access and recovery of information†¦show more content†¦So to what extent does music impact the cognitive processes of the human brain? First of all, cognitive processes are processes that involve knowledge and how people use their knowledge. They include matters such as attention , memory, producing and understanding language, solving problems, and making decisions. All of these are very important for human behavior. Music, in particular, has been used to assist in cognition for many years; recent advances in medical technology have provided evidence confirming the effects of music on the brain’s affective, cognitive, and motor components (Jones, 2010). All things considered, it is apparent that music has a very strong and lasting effect on the cognitive processes of the human brain. To continue, one of the earliest pioneers of a field that we now know as music cognition was theoretical chemist and cognitive scientist, Christopher Longuet-Higgins. With the help of fellow cognitive scientist and computational linguist, Mark Steedman, Longuet-Higgins created the first computer model of musical perception (Honing, 2011). However, before studies of the correlations between music and cognitive processing, there were experiments regarding music and psychology as a whole. Musical psychology

Multilingualism in Nigeria. a Blessing or a Curse free essay sample

Others see multilingualism as a political matter, that is, an issue which requires solutions to language problems from the policy makers who are political authorities in a multilingual nation, and as an economic problem, because, as Jahr (1998) states, chaotic language differences are determinants of economic disadvantage whereas well planned language differences are considered to be resources.Many studies on various multilingual societies have been conducted by among others Cuvelier, Du Plessis, Teck (2003) on multilingualism, education and social integration in Belgium, Europe, South Africa and Southern Africa; Deprez Du Plessis (2000) on multilingualism and government in Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, former Yugoslavia and South Africa; Emenanjo (1990) on multilingualism and language policy in Nigeria. This work shows that as much as multilingualism in Nigeria is a blessing, it is also a curse. This phenomenon is more prevalent in Asian and African countries because of the merging of many ethnic groups (with different languages) to form individual countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Multilingualism in Nigeria. a Blessing or a Curse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was done by the excolonialists. However, language pluralism also exists in Europe and other continents of the world. Multilingualism, therefore, is universal and findings have shown that there is no monolingual nation. According to Hudson (1980) there are about four or five thousand languages in the world but only one hundred and forty nations. Obviously then, most countries have a large number of languages.The fact however, is that the degree of multilingualism in Asian and African countries is higher than that of the developed world. The Guinness Book of knowledge (1997) shows that Africa has about 1,300 languages, the highest number among all the continents of the world. Khubchandani (1983) shows that India has about two hundred classified languages. Similarly, the Encyclopaedia Americana reveals that the linguistic diversity of New Guinea is probably greater than that of any area of comparable size in the world. It has seven hundred languages. Therefore, examples of nations that are highly multilingual abound.

Future Avon China Case free essay sample

Avon China does not want to limit its grown opportunities at this current time. At present, China has been geographically saturated with Avon boutiques but might net handsome profits by adopting a hybrid selling strategy to capture rural shoppers that don’t or can’t visit retail outlets. 2. What are the alternatives and chosen alternatives? Alternative 1: Avon China keeps its current retail sales via boutique and does not reintroduce the once successful direct-sales strategy that is continually successful in other geographic regions. Alternative 2: Avon liquidizes the retail boutiques and adopts direct sale strategy that was once the only strategy. Avon converts the retail boutiques into service centers to offer after-sales service to sales representatives, including pickups, product returns, credits, product trials, billing assistance and provide beauty consultation services to consumers. Alternative 1: Avon is encouraged to keep their original Retail â€Å"beauty boutique† strategy because history often repeats itself. Pyramid schemes would bear a poor brand association with Chinese consumers because of the economic instability caused in 1998. We will write a custom essay sample on Future Avon China Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Simply because the Chinese government has lifted the direct-selling band, it doesn’t suggest that Chinese sales representatives will likely follow that career path due to risk of being pressured to stock up by their agents and then being left in hot water. A multi-level award system would not sit well with Chinese citizens because of previously mentioned risk, conversely, a simple level award system will not motivate Chinese sales representative to move up the sales latter for incremental compensation. Therefore, it is most prudent to avoid direct sale strategy in China, although it was proven successful since penetration to China until 1998, because of the volatility of the culture. Also, given that Chinese federals are only implementing a trial-stage suggest that the government might implement another ban contingent on Chinese economic outcome. 3. What are the lessons learnt/key findings? * There are still plenty of cultural differenced regardless of current globalization trends. * China is a volatile country for direct-sales strategy * China’s aggregate population and buying power makes for an excellent investment . Questions/Comments intended to share during class discussion. Would the hybrid model require franchisees of the beauty boutiques to assume this distribution philosophy of doing business including selling inventory to sales representatives at reduced margin, crediting consumer products * Although the direct sales model has been proven to be financially less risky because of the low degree of operating leverage [low fixed costs and higher variable costs/commissions], does that reduction of risk outweigh the political and societal risk of Federals banning direct sales again and slow recruitment of sales agents.